Assessment of Bicycle Use Among Residents in Affordable Housing in New York City
Sadie Sanchez,
Erin Thanik,
Ganga Bey,
Demetrios Papazaharias,
Lynn Onyebeke,
Jessica Oh,
Moses Syldort,
Sarah Wolf,
Elizabeth Garland
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2018
Pages:
127-132
Received:
12 September 2018
Accepted:
4 October 2018
Published:
7 November 2018
Abstract: Inadequate physical activity is associated with an increased risk of obesity. But most U.S. adults do not meet the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for physical activity. Active transportation, such as bicycling to a destination, is associated with increased physical activity levels, but little research has been conducted regarding bicycle use in urban environments like New York City (NYC). A cross-sectional, self-administered survey was given to residents of two low-income neighborhoods in NYC to determine the prevalence of bicycle ownership and usage, and to assess potential community improvements to increase bicycle use. More than 80% of the 119 participants endorsed knowing how to ride a bicycle and nearly half of all participants reported that they or someone in their household own a bicycle. Of those who own a bicycle, the vast majority stored it in their apartment. More participants with a bicycle in their household reported better health status and moderate to high activity levels than those without a bicycle in their household. Those with a bicycle in their household were significantly more likely than those without a bicycle in their household to have used it for work or leisure in the last 30 days. The most commonly reported reason for not bicycling more frequently was lack of safe and secure designated bicycle storage areas in their apartment buildings. Other commonly reported reasons for not bicycling more frequently included perceived crime and lack of traffic safety. Participants suggested that clearly marked bicycle lanes and car-free bicycle paths may increase bicycle use in their neighborhoods.
Abstract: Inadequate physical activity is associated with an increased risk of obesity. But most U.S. adults do not meet the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for physical activity. Active transportation, such as bicycling to a destination, is associated with increased physical activity levels, but little research has been conducted ...
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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices Among Mothers of Infants Less Than Six Months in Galkayo, Somalia: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study
Adam Abdulkadir Mohamed,
Said Aden Mohamud,
Farhan Yahye Mohamud,
Khadra Abdirahman Ali,
Fadumo Ahmed Abdulle,
Aisha Abdikarim Hussein
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2018
Pages:
133-139
Received:
7 October 2018
Accepted:
19 October 2018
Published:
13 November 2018
Abstract: Background: Exclusive breastfeeding has crucial importance on the lives of infants and young children. It provides all the energy and nutrients that infant needs for the first months of life. In sub-Saharan African countries including Somalia, the morbidity and mortality rates of infants and young children less than five years of age are high compared to developed countries. The main causes of these are mainly due to inadequate and sufficient EBF/BF practices with the combination of diseases like infant diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria and measles. Thus this study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of EBF in Somalia. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from 384 mothers of infants less than 6 months of age residing in Northern side of Galkayo District using systematic sampling method. Cumulative Odds Ratio with 95% confidence interval was estimated using bivariate analysis with binary logistic regression model to identify independent determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practice. Results: Majority (99.7%) of the interviewed mothers had ever breastfed their baby. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 5.2% whereas 94.8% did not exclusively breastfeed their baby up to the intended six months. A mother with formal education was a predictor to exclusive breastfeeding practice. Having formal education, health facility delivery, receiving EBF counseling and maternal unemployment were found to be predictors of exclusive breastfeeding practice. Conclusion: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was found to be very low compared to the WHO recommendations (5.2% in our study compared to 90% of WHO recommendations). However, our current study found that, majority (n= 221, 57.5%) of the women had knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding initiation. We recommend to strengthen the available basic services and to promote formal education on mothers in Somalia. We also recommend means to encourage mothers to deliver health facilities and to increase the awareness and counseling of EBF among pregnant mothers during their visit of ANC.
Abstract: Background: Exclusive breastfeeding has crucial importance on the lives of infants and young children. It provides all the energy and nutrients that infant needs for the first months of life. In sub-Saharan African countries including Somalia, the morbidity and mortality rates of infants and young children less than five years of age are high compa...
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Analysis of the Relationship of Noise Exposure and Hearing Loss in PPSU Workers in North Jakarta
Nur Asniati Djaali,
Sari Alia Putri,
Denny Lyus Sihite,
Ajeng Tias Endarti,
Sutanto Priyo Hastono,
Hasnawati Amqam
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2018
Pages:
140-144
Received:
5 December 2018
Published:
6 December 2018
Abstract: Hearing loss is one of the many health problems experienced by workers in high noise exposure areas. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between noise intensity and hearing loss in PPSU workers in North Jakarta. This type of research is quantitative analytic using cross-sectional design involving 45 PPSU workers in North Jakarta. Hearing loss was identified by audiometric examination with air conditioning (AC), while noise intensity in the worker's area was measured using a sound level meter. The results of this study showed that 60% of respondents experienced hearing loss, and 51.1% of the areas had noise intensity ≥ 75 dB. The results of categorical analysis showed that there is a relationship between noise intensity and hearing loss with prevalence of ratio was 5.2. Logistic regression analysis showed that respondents who work in areas with noise intensity ≥ 75 dB had the opportunity 7 times to experience hearing loss after being controlled by variable smoking behavior, and hobbies towards noise. Exposure to high noise is something that cannot be avoided by PPSU workers, therefore to reduce or prevent the occurrence of hearing loss, the workers should use earplugs while working, and should reduce smoking and listening music with earphones. In addition, the workers should conduct regular audiometric examinations and attend health counseling at the workplace.
Abstract: Hearing loss is one of the many health problems experienced by workers in high noise exposure areas. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between noise intensity and hearing loss in PPSU workers in North Jakarta. This type of research is quantitative analytic using cross-sectional design involving 45 PPSU workers in North Jakar...
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and the odds of HIV infected for an individual in the age category 19-34 were 83.1% less than an individual in the age group ≤ years (OR = 0.831, C.I. = .534-1.294). Individuals found in Gambella region were 4.5 times HIV positive than Tigray region individuals (OR = 4.460, P = 0.000, C.I. = 2.457-8.098). Clients whose wealth index is middle were about 4.041 times more likely HIV infected than poor clients (OR = 4.041, P = 0.000, C.I. = 2.556-6.389). Urban individuals are nearly 3.5 times likely HIV positive than rural individuals (OR = 3.514, P = 0.000). High risk behaviour and low socio-economic position are found to be significantly related with HIV infection in Ethiopia.