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Predictors of Consistent Condom and Voluntary Counselling and Testing Services Utilization Among BodaBoda Operators in Coastal Region of Kenya
Shadrack Ayieko Yonge,
Michael Fredrick Otieno,
Rekha Rani Sharma
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
152-161
Received:
19 January 2017
Accepted:
8 February 2017
Published:
1 March 2017
Abstract: Despite recent declines in global HIV/AIDS mortality, HIV/AIDS is still the leading cause of death especially in in Sub-Saharan Countries. Voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) and consistent condom use among BodaBoda operators are very important in the prevention and control of the infection. This study determined the consistent condom and voluntary counseling and testing services utilization among BodaBoda operators in Coastal region of Kenya. A cross-sectional study was carried between February to December 2015. A multi-stage sampling method was applied to randomly select the BodaBoda operators. Stratification, random and systematic sampling techniques were used to identify the study participants. Interviews were conducted using structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences version 16. Analytical statistics were done using odds ratio to measure strength of association between Condom and VCT uptakes and independent variables. Association with p-value <0,05 was considered significant. Binary regression was used to identify predictors of condom and VCT uptakes. Of 385 participants, 98.7% were male and 1.3% female. This study revealed that the prevalence of VCT uptake and consistent condom use among BodaBoda operators in Coastal Kenya was 53.0% and 60.0% respectively. VCT uptake was found to be significantly predicted bygender (AOR=3.216, 95% CI: 1.410-9.964), visiting a VCT centre with a partner (AOR=16.39, 95%CI: 3.012-17.624), assurance of confidentially of HIV test results (AOR =4.79, 95% CI: 2.033-8.907), known VCT (AOR=0.152, 95% CI: 0.034-0.221) and fear of being seen at VCT centre (AOR=0.551, 95% CI: 0.307-0.988). Consistent condom use was significantly associated with gender (AOR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.48), Educational status (AOR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.85) and marital status (AOR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.07-2.15). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of VCT uptake and consistent condom use was found to be low. VCT utilization uptake among the operators was influenced by gender, assurance of confidentiality of the HIV test results, going to a VCT with a partner, fear of being seen at a VCT centre and going to a known VCT. The main predictors of consistent condom use were found to be gender, educational level and marital status. Integration of friendly VCT services would increase VCT uptake among BodaBoda operators. Support and care received after knowing the test results should be clearly communicated as it reduces stigma. Therefore, interventions targeting sex, educational status and marital status are recommended.
Abstract: Despite recent declines in global HIV/AIDS mortality, HIV/AIDS is still the leading cause of death especially in in Sub-Saharan Countries. Voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) and consistent condom use among BodaBoda operators are very important in the prevention and control of the infection. This study determined the consistent condom and vo...
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Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis on Predictors of Women’s Intention to Limit Child-bearing in Rural Ethiopia
Reta Lemessa Jenbere,
Habte Tadesse Likassa
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
162-171
Received:
11 January 2017
Accepted:
20 January 2017
Published:
2 March 2017
Abstract: The fertility rate of Ethiopia, especially in the rural areas, is unacceptably high. This is leading to negative influence on economic and social development. Thus, understanding those factors that influence the fertility intention of women is important for family planning program purposes and population policy. The main objective of this study was to investigate variability of women’s intentions to limit child-bearing in rural Ethiopia between regions and individually. The source of the data was the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A weighted sub-sample of 10,864 women was drawn from the DHS women's dataset. The multilevel logistic regression was applied to examine the various factors between intention to limit child-bearing and demographic, socio-economic, and cultural characteristics. From a total of 10,864 women 3,230 (29.7 percent) were intending to limit child-bearing while the remaining 7,634 (70.3 percent) did not. The multilevel logistic regression analysis showed that there were substantial variations in desire to limit child-bearing among eight regions in rural Ethiopia. Accordingly, for empty model, the variance is estimated asδ2uo = 0.521 revealing that there was a significant difference in intention to limit child-bearing across regions. The variance of random intercept is estimated at 0.423; this is due to the inclusion of fixed predictor variables indicating that the additional predictors did not increase the percentage of variance explained by the model. Furthermore, either empty model or random intercept model revealed that there was a significance variation in intention to limit child-bearing across the considered regions. Similarly, results of random coefficient for the selected few predictor variables, showed that the number of living children found to be significant in explaining variations in intention to limit child-bearing across the regions. The overall variance constant term is found to be statistically significant. Family planning programs should focus on women with unmet need, particularly those who want to limit child-bearing; avail more information, education and communication about small family norms and the benefits of family planning to achieve the goals of wanted fertility is needed.
Abstract: The fertility rate of Ethiopia, especially in the rural areas, is unacceptably high. This is leading to negative influence on economic and social development. Thus, understanding those factors that influence the fertility intention of women is important for family planning program purposes and population policy. The main objective of this study was...
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Microbiological Assessment of Indoor Air of Takalar County Hospital Wards in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Muhammad Ikhtiar,
Herlina Alzad,
Swandari Paramita,
Yadi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
172-177
Received:
12 January 2017
Accepted:
20 February 2017
Published:
9 March 2017
Abstract: Poor indoor air quality may lead to hospital acquired infection. Microbiological parameter is one of main standards of indoor air quality. The study objective was to investigate microbiological assessment of indoor air of different wards of Takalar County Hospital, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Four wards were used for sample collection and these included third, second, first and VIP class ward. Room air temperature, humidity, lighting and number of visitor were also observed. Passive air sampling technique using open Petri dishes containing different culture media was employed. Blood agar plate was used for the bacteria, while Sabouraud dextrose agar plates were used for the fungi. Samplings were done twice daily, one in the morning and other in the afternoon. Isolates were identified according to standard methods. Results show that there was second class ward recorded the highest bacterial growth (1,413 cfu/m3 in the afternoon). The bacteria isolates were Bacillus sp, Enterobacter sp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominantly isolated bacterium. For the conclusion, from the reduction noticed in the morning samples, stringent measures such as proper disinfection and regular cleaning, restriction of patient relatives’ movement in and out the wards need to be enforced so as to improve the quality of indoor air of hospital wards.
Abstract: Poor indoor air quality may lead to hospital acquired infection. Microbiological parameter is one of main standards of indoor air quality. The study objective was to investigate microbiological assessment of indoor air of different wards of Takalar County Hospital, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Four wards were used for sample collection and these incl...
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In Vivo Evaluation of the Antiplasmodial Property of Ethanol and Hot Water Extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom
Omoya O. F.,
Momoh A. O.,
Adegoke O. A.
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
178-185
Received:
25 January 2017
Accepted:
10 February 2017
Published:
15 March 2017
Abstract: Mushrooms are considered as a functional food, which can provide health benefits beyond the traditional nutrients they contain and Pleurotus ostreatus is a common edible mushroom known for its oyster-shaped cap. The in-vivo evaluation of the antiplasmodial property of ethanol and hot water extracts of P. ostreatus mushroom was carried out using standard microbiological methods. The mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei NK 65 species and the 4-day Peters suppressive test was carried out using 200 and 400 mg/ml of the extracts respectively. 5mg/ml chloroquine antimalarial drug was used as control drug. The malaria parasite load, full blood counts and histopathological analysis of the liver of the mice were done at the end of the experiment. The results showed that P. berghei caused a reduction in the weight from 22.8±0.20 g to 17.4±0.66 g. as well as a reduction in the temperature of the mice from 36.8±1.22°C to 34.2±0.20°C. The mushroom hot water extract exerted the highest percentage suppression of 76.82% after 24 hours, 92.35% after 48 hours, 96.08% after 72 hours and 99.81% after 96 hours. The parasite caused an increase in Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) from 1.33±0.33 mm/hr to 11.66±0.93 mm/hr, high white blood cell (WBC) count of 275.6 mm-3 and low packed cell volume (PCV) of 14.00±0.57%. The WBC differential count showed that the parasites caused a reduction in the number of lymphocytes (from 64.33% to 51.67%) while causing increase in neutrophils (25.33% to 32.67%). The P. berghei caused some negative pathological features ranging from a liver hepatocytes with profuse haemorrhage, dilated sinusoids and hepatocellular drainage, while the control group had well-formed and thickened liver hepatocytes without distinct cells or infiltrations. Therefore, Pleurotus ostreatus have antiplasmodial property and the hot water extract is more potent than the ethanol extract.
Abstract: Mushrooms are considered as a functional food, which can provide health benefits beyond the traditional nutrients they contain and Pleurotus ostreatus is a common edible mushroom known for its oyster-shaped cap. The in-vivo evaluation of the antiplasmodial property of ethanol and hot water extracts of P. ostreatus mushroom was carried out using sta...
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Prevalence and Management Practices of Low Back Pain Among Commercial Motorcyclists in Ilesa Southwest, Nigeria
Olorunfemi Akinbode Ogundele,
Olusegun Temitope Afolabi,
Funmito Omolola Fehintola,
Abimbola Olorunsola,
Alex Adelosoye
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
186-191
Received:
10 June 2016
Accepted:
29 July 2016
Published:
20 March 2017
Abstract: Commercial motorcycling is fast becoming a recognised occupational group especially among the young people in Nigeria. Work-related Low back pain (LBP) may not be uncommon among them. This study assessed the prevalence and management practices of Low back pain among commercial motorcyclists in Ilesa Southwest, Nigeria. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the required study subjects. Quantitative data collection method was employed. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. All the 393 respondents were male, 64.1% had secondary education. The mean age of respondent was 31.3 (SD±4.5) years and the mean monthly income was 22,400 (SD±10,700) Nigerian naira. Fifty-four percent were full-time commercial motorcyclist. About 41% reported ever having LBP while 23% had LBP in the last 7 days prior to the study. Only 5.9% had ever been hospitalised because of LBP. Statistically, significant association exist between LBP and age of respondent (p<0.001), the length of years as a commercial motorcyclist (p<0.016), sitting position on the motorcycle and working full time as a commercial motorcyclist (p<0.001). This study concluded that LBP is prevalent among commercial motorcyclist. There is a need for enlightenment programmes on how to avoid or possibly reduce the risk of LBP.
Abstract: Commercial motorcycling is fast becoming a recognised occupational group especially among the young people in Nigeria. Work-related Low back pain (LBP) may not be uncommon among them. This study assessed the prevalence and management practices of Low back pain among commercial motorcyclists in Ilesa Southwest, Nigeria. The study was a descriptive c...
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Prevalence of Intestinal Helminthic Parasitic Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among Students in Tepi Town, South West Ethiopia
Esmael Besufikad Belachew,
Dagnew Bitew Tarko,
Yilkal Messelu Wallie
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
192-197
Received:
24 January 2017
Accepted:
10 February 2017
Published:
20 March 2017
Abstract: Intestinal helminthic parasites are responsible for considerable morbidity and occasional mortality among infected population all over the world. Their prevalence and specific risk factors was not clearly confirmed especially in African countries including Ethiopia. Based on this fact, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal helminthic infection among students in Tepi town, south west Ethiopia. To conduct this research we were used a cross-sectional study design. Stool samples were collected from all enrolled students and wet mount and formalin-ether sedimentation concentration procedures were used for each helminthes examination. A total of 380 study participants were included in the study, out of which 94 (24.7%) were positive for intestinal helminthic parasites. The commonest helminthes isolated in this study was Ascaris lumbricoides (9.2%) followed by Trichuris trichiura (5.8%). Hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni infection were more prevalent among males than females. The binary logistic regression result showed that sex, cleanness of the finger nails, school, family size, protective shoe, and religion were significantly associated with intestinal helminthic infection. The overall prevalence rate of helminthes observed in the present study was 24.7%. The commonest helminthes was A. lumbricoides (9.2%) followed by T. trichiura (5.8%). General health educations among those risky groups are highly recommended in order to reduce its prevalence and to formulate appropriate intervention.
Abstract: Intestinal helminthic parasites are responsible for considerable morbidity and occasional mortality among infected population all over the world. Their prevalence and specific risk factors was not clearly confirmed especially in African countries including Ethiopia. Based on this fact, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and...
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Correlation Analysis of Thyroid Function and Autoantibody in Healthy Population Living in the Area of Water-Source-Originated High Level Iodine
Hou Zhenjiang,
Mu Zhaoxin,
Wang Fengling,
Li Hongyan,
Zhang Jingyu,
Fan Hong,
Wang Huaxin
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
198-204
Received:
6 March 2017
Published:
20 March 2017
Abstract: In order to know about the correlation between thyroid function and autoantibody of urban residents in Cangzhou, the author chose 3218 health examinations as the respondents from Cangzhou to do a research. First of all, fasting venous blood was taken from elbow in the morning. Secondly, serum was separated by centrifugation. Moreover, the positive rates of TSH, FT3, FT4, TPOAb and TgAb in serum were tested by use of Germany Roche chemiluminescence immune detection system. It finally turns out that thyroid dysfunction and positive rate of autoantibody are 7.71% and 16.19%, respectively, which have been increasing sharply along with the growth of the age, and the positive rate of female is higher than that of the male (P <0.001). Besides, the prevalence rates of hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and subclinical hypothyroidism are 0.81%, 0.68%, 1.83% and 4.38%, respectively. The prevalence rate of subclinical thyroid disease (5.07%) is significantly higher than that of clinical thyroid disease (2.64%), and the prevalence rate of clinical hypothyroidism is the highest, accounting for 56.9% of thyroid dysfunction. Positive rates of TPOAb and TgAb are 14.57% and 12.74%, respectively, while the simultaneous positive detection rate of TPOAb and TgAb is 11.12%. Through the analysis of test data, the author comes to the conclusion that thyroid dysfunction and positive rate of autoantibody have been increasing year by year, which has a great relationship with gender and age. As a result, it is important to put the determination of thyroid function and autoantibody into the routine testing and it is necessary for normal thyroid function and positive autoantibody to conduct a dynamic monitoring, follow-up or intervention in time, which is beneficial to early diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prophylaxis and treatment.
Abstract: In order to know about the correlation between thyroid function and autoantibody of urban residents in Cangzhou, the author chose 3218 health examinations as the respondents from Cangzhou to do a research. First of all, fasting venous blood was taken from elbow in the morning. Secondly, serum was separated by centrifugation. Moreover, the positive ...
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Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption and Factors Influencing Alcohol Use Among the Youth in Tokorni-Hohoe, Volta Region of Ghana
Emmanuel Osei-Bonsu,
Prince Kubi Appiah,
Ishmael D. Norman,
Geoffrey Adebayo Asalu,
Margaret Kweku,
Seth Yao Ahiabor,
Wisdom Kwami Takramah,
Abdulai Bonchel Duut,
George Edward Ntow,
Stephen Boadu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
205-214
Received:
3 December 2016
Accepted:
14 December 2016
Published:
27 March 2017
Abstract: Background: Alcohol use still remains a great public health concern. However, the youth are the higher risk group in terms of alcohol consumption and its associate complications. Alcohol consumption among the youth is on the rise and Ghana cannot be exempted due to easy accessibility and availability of alcoholic beverages to the youth. According to Ghana Demographic and Health survey, alcohol consumption is highest among young people between the ages of 15-39 years than other age group; however, little information on alcohol consumption has made the problem unknown, limiting appropriate measures to control its use. This study measured the prevalence of alcohol consumption and associated factors among the youth in Tokorni-Hohoe. Methods: The study employed cross sectional study using quantitative method to sample 316 respondents. Random and systematic sampling techniques were used to sample respondents. Structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant information from respondents. The analysis was performed using StataSE 12. Results: The prevalence of alcohol consumption among the youth is 43%. Both males and females engage in alcohol use but more males were found to use alcohol than females. Alcohol consumption was highest among the age group of 20-25 years. The major factors influencing the use are peer influence (30.8%) and advertisement (20.3%). All the socio-demographic characteristics except religion (p=0.011) and occupation (p=0.001) were found not to be strongly associated with alcohol consumption. Reasons given by the youth for consuming alcohol are to have fun and to stimulate their appetite for food. Conclusions: Alcohol use is highly prevalent among the youth in Tokorni-Hohoe and therefore interventions to prevent its use should be more focus on the youth because of their vulnerability. Advertisement on alcohol use must be control by the appropriate institutions.
Abstract: Background: Alcohol use still remains a great public health concern. However, the youth are the higher risk group in terms of alcohol consumption and its associate complications. Alcohol consumption among the youth is on the rise and Ghana cannot be exempted due to easy accessibility and availability of alcoholic beverages to the youth. According t...
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Cervical Cancer Screening Program – A Camp Based Cross Sectional Study Among Rural Women in North Kerala
Usha Karunakaran,
Namitha Thekkandathil,
Binoo Divakaran,
Mini Mol Joseph,
Salini Kannankai,
Jayasree Anandabhavan Kumaran
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
215-223
Received:
15 February 2017
Accepted:
4 March 2017
Published:
27 March 2017
Abstract: Cervical cancer is ranked as the most frequent cancer in women in India and still remains a leading cause of cancer deaths because of high HPV infection rates and lack of comprehensive cervical Pap smear testing of susceptible women. There has been a regular campaign against cervical cancer for 30 years in India, but impact on the morbidity and mortality has been low, with India ranking fourth worldwide. A key challenge for cancer programs is encouraging women in the 30-55 year age group at highest risk for treatable, precancerous lesions, to seek pap smear screening camps. To increase attendance it is important to work in the community by approaching local women's groups and with their help increasing awareness, knowledge and accessibility of screening among women. In this study the investigators made an effort to increase camp attendance by involving women’s groups. We assessed the effect of involvement of women groups in comparison to previous camps, the awareness, attitude and practice of the disease, and its prevention, and the HPV vaccine among the women and finally studied the Pap smear results. A camp based cross sectional study was done in Karindalam village to assess pap smear tests, knowledge, attitude and practice regarding cancer cervix and its screening method. Community level women volunteers were used to mobilise women for the camp. Quantitative data was collected through face to face interview using a pre tested questionnaire and the pap smear test done. Analysis was done with descriptive statistics using epi info. There were 319 women who attended the camp. Out of these 99.7% were ever married. In our studied population 55% of the women were married before 20 years of age and 36% had their first child before 20 years of age. Fifty percent studied up to 10th grade and around 50% belonged to the lower class. Majority of the women had inadequate knowledge about the disease symptoms (52.7%), risk factors (76%), preventive measures (65.5%), Pap smear method (91%) and HPV vaccine (8.4%). Reasons for not doing a Pap smear test so far were inadequate knowledge about the disease and test, fear of procedure and result, non availability of the test locally, being non symptomatic, and cultural factors. The Pap smear tests identified 2 (0.6%) women with high intra epithelial lesions, 4 (1.2%), endocervicitis and 3 (1%) with bacterial vaginosisand adequate follow up was offered. The government of India has to respond to the need of the hour and strengthen information, education and communication efforts on cervical cancer along with providing widespread screening facilities.
Abstract: Cervical cancer is ranked as the most frequent cancer in women in India and still remains a leading cause of cancer deaths because of high HPV infection rates and lack of comprehensive cervical Pap smear testing of susceptible women. There has been a regular campaign against cervical cancer for 30 years in India, but impact on the morbidity and mor...
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Factors Affecting Patient Safety Programme in Government Hospitals of Sri Lanka
Sathasivam Sridharan,
Mohamed Abdul Cader Mohamed Refai,
Nusliha Anwar,
Malavige Kaushalya Kumari
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
224-229
Received:
20 February 2017
Accepted:
7 March 2017
Published:
27 March 2017
Abstract: The objective of this study is to assess the factors that affect the patient safety programme in government hospitals of Sri Lanka. Method: A hospital based cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at the selected line ministry hospitals as they have established Quality Management Units. The study population was the administrative and clinical staff at these hospitals who had been employed at the hospital for at least 6 months and they should be working on a permanent basis. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data collection. It contains two parts. First part deals with the perception on patient safety programme. It consists patient safety programme as dependent variable and five independent variables (organizational safety culture, leadership, communication, team structure and work environment) with 45 questions. The second part comprised six questions on socio-economic characteristics. Results: 327 members participated in his study. Out of that, 242(74%) were female, 74(22.6%) were male and 11(3.4%) didn’t mention the gender. Leadership has the highest mean value of independent variables and work environment has the second highest mean. Patient safety programme shows highest correlation with team structure (0.255), and lowest with work environment (0.200). Organizational safety culture has the correlation of 0.253 with patient safety programme which is an important factor next to team structure. Communication has the correlation of 0.231 and leadership has the value of 0.221, and both have significant correlation with patient safety programme. Conclusion: All assessed independent variables such as team structure, organizational safety culture, leadership, communication and work environment significantly affect the patient safety programme. Team structure and organizational safety culture have the highest correlation with patient safety programme.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to assess the factors that affect the patient safety programme in government hospitals of Sri Lanka. Method: A hospital based cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at the selected line ministry hospitals as they have established Quality Management Units. The study population was the administrative and clinic...
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Predictors of Utilization of Skilled Birth Attendants Among Women of Reproductive Age in Mandera East Sub County, Mandera County, Kenya
Hassan Ali Ibrahim,
Ademola Johnson Ajuwon,
Adesina Oladokun
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
230-239
Received:
27 February 2017
Accepted:
11 March 2017
Published:
31 March 2017
Abstract: The single most critical intervention in the reduction of maternal mortality is to ensure that a health worker with appropriate skills is present during pregnancy, delivery and time after delivery. The main objective of the study was to determine predictors of the utilization of skilled birth attendants among women of reproductive age in Mandera East Sub County, Kenya. The cross-sectional descriptive study consisted of use of both the qualitative and quantitative approaches for data collection. Quantitative data were collected using interviewer administered questionnaire, among 365 randomly selected consenting women who delivered a baby a year prior to the conduct of the research. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews of nine women including three who utilized skilled birth attendants and six who did not. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software while qualitative data from in depth interview were analyzed thematically and corroborated with results from questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and logistical regression to identify independent predictors of utilization of skilled birth attendants. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. The ages of the respondents ranged from 15-49 years with a mean of 27 ±1.391 years. The results showed antenatal attendance of 84.4% while the proportion of birth attended by Skilled Birth Attendant was low (37.8%) among women of reproductive age in Mandera East. The main predictors of utilization of skilled birth attendants were: education level of the mother, type of occupation of the mother, household income, transport to the facility, parity, reliability of transport at odd hours, occupation of husbands and decision making. Barriers to utilization of SBAs included: Availability and convenience of TBAs, poor staff attitude, limited number of SBAs, poor and unreliable transport especially at night, poor referral system, cultural beliefs and misconceptions. Despite the attendance of ANC clinics being high, the level of utilization of skilled birth attendants among the study population was still low with high number of deliveries still conducted by unskilled persons at home. This study recommends that the county government should come up with strategies of ensuring that women have access to education such as Adult Education Programme; economic empowerment of women through Business enterprises; provide attraction and retention package for healthcare staffs especially SBAs; Provision of incentives to TBAs for referral of pregnant women to the facility; Strengthen referral system especially in hard to reach areas.
Abstract: The single most critical intervention in the reduction of maternal mortality is to ensure that a health worker with appropriate skills is present during pregnancy, delivery and time after delivery. The main objective of the study was to determine predictors of the utilization of skilled birth attendants among women of reproductive age in Mandera Ea...
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Malaria Prevention and Control Among Private Security Guards Within Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State-Nigeria
Victor Oluwasanmi Amusan,
Yahaya Abdullahi Umar,
Philip Anthony Vantsawa
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
240-245
Received:
19 February 2017
Accepted:
16 March 2017
Published:
31 March 2017
Abstract: An understanding of knowledge, attitudes and practices among different populations such as security guards temporarily outside the home due to occupational reasons are key determinants for policy makers in designing malaria prevention and control interventions. A survey on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on malaria prevention and control was conducted among two hundred and sixty-one (261) private security guards in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State-Nigeria using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20 while associations between variables were tested using a Chi-Square test with the level of statistical significance set at 5%. There were 253 (96.94%) respondents with a high knowledge score about malaria, 201 (78%) of respondents with a positive attitude and there were 192 (74%) of respondents with good malaria practices score. The majority (97.7%) of the respondents have heard about malaria before while 96.9% of respondents correctly associated mosquito as malaria vector. The radio serves the majority (93.1%) as their source of information about malaria. Wearing long-sleeved shirts, trimming of bushes and use of ITNs are the leading malaria prevention methods practised by the respondents. Statistically significant association between malaria practice scores and respondent’s age (p-value = 0.022), gender (p-value = 0.002) and level of education (p-value = 0.006) was reported. Respondent’s knowledge about malaria (p = 0.008) and attitude towards malaria (p = 0.020) were found to significantly influence their practices towards malaria. For sustainable implementation of malaria intervention programmes, good malaria practices in conjunction with high level of awareness by the respondents are quite significant. One of the methods for malaria control that leads to morbidity and mortality reduction is educational based teachings on understanding individual knowledge, attitudes and practices on malaria.
Abstract: An understanding of knowledge, attitudes and practices among different populations such as security guards temporarily outside the home due to occupational reasons are key determinants for policy makers in designing malaria prevention and control interventions. A survey on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on malaria prevention and control w...
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Factors Influencing Timely Response to Health Care Seeking for Diarrheal Episodes Among Children Under Five by Caregivers in Rural Uganda
James Muhumuza,
Lorna Barungi Muhirwe,
Charles Ssentamu,
Magnus Mordu Conteh,
Nicola Martina Dunne,
Rollanda Karumuna
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
246-253
Received:
12 February 2017
Accepted:
6 March 2017
Published:
13 April 2017
Abstract: Timely response to health care seeking for diarrhoea episodes has a high potential to reduce child mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing timely response to health care seeking for diarrheal episode among children under five by caregivers. A cross-sectional research design that involved qualitative and quantitative research methods was conducted among 1,780 systematically selected households. Multiple logistic regressions were carried out to identify the factors associated with timely health care seeking behaviors among caregivers. Over 76% (95% CI: 72.8–78.4%) of the caregivers sought treatment in the first 24 hours after the onset of the diarrhea episode. Caregivers who were aged 30-39 were 0.63 times less likely to seek timely treatment for diarrhea episode (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =0.83, 95%CI: 0.34–1.99) compared to caregivers who were aged 19-29 years. Female caregivers were 1.95 times more likely to seek timely treatment (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =1.95, 95%CI: 1.05–1.11) compared to males. Those caregivers who had no education were 0.32 times less likely to seek timely treatment (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =0.51, 95%CI: 0.69– 1.09) compared to caregivers that had secondary education. Caregivers who knew the signs of diarrhoea were 0.97 times more likely to seek timely treatment (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =0.97, 95%CI: 0.54–3.32) compared to caregivers who did not know the signs of diarrhea. Caregivers who believed that diarrhea kills were 2.41 times more likely to seek timely treatment (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =2.41, 95%CI: 2.03–2.94) compared to caregivers who did not believe that diarrhea kills. Caregivers who stayed near the health units (≤5km) were 0.57 times likely to seek timely health care compared to those who stayed in far places. Health care seeking within 24 hours for diarrheal episodes among children under five by caregivers was found to be high in the selected study areas. Knowledge about signs of diarrhoea, belief that diarrhoea kills, knowledge about administering ORS, fair transport cost, waiting time and distance from the health units are the factors that influence timely health seeking among children with diarrhoea. The study recommends intensification of timed and targeted counseling (ttC) of caregivers about timely health seeking in the subsequent programming and equipping VHTs with diarrhea treatment medicines.
Abstract: Timely response to health care seeking for diarrhoea episodes has a high potential to reduce child mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing timely response to health care seeking for diarrheal episode among children under five by caregivers. A cross-sectional research design that involved qualitative and quantitative...
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Knowledge and Utilization of Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) for Malaria Control Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in the Sunyani West District of Ghana
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
254-262
Received:
21 February 2017
Accepted:
6 March 2017
Published:
15 April 2017
Abstract: For this study, the knowledge and utilization of Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) for malaria control among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the Primary Health Care Centers in the Sunyani West District of Ghana was assessed. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted to assess antenatal accessibility and practices of IPT, knowledge of pregnant women on IPT use, and the effectiveness of IPT towards the reduction of malaria in pregnancy. The researcher used both secondary and primary data to elicit information for the study. The tools for the primary data collection were structured questionnaire and focused group discussion. Data was collected in two health facilities in the Sunyani West. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0 and the results were presented using frequencies, graph, cross tabulation and level of association using Chi-square. The study shows that the knowledge and utilization of IPT among pregnant women in Sunyani West District were very low. Majority of the respondents (68.2%) did not have knowledge on ITP use. Thus at 95% confidence level, the proportion of those who did not have knowledge on IPT use and those who had was highly significant (p1≠P2). The major challenges that were identified to suppress the effectiveness of IPT utilization from the health care provider point of view included inadequate Antenatal Clinic trained staff, low facility coverage and late ANC reporting of pregnant women. This study, therefore, recommends that healthcare providers in the district should intensify education on the use of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in pregnant women through community durbars, and radio and Television programs.
Abstract: For this study, the knowledge and utilization of Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) for malaria control among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the Primary Health Care Centers in the Sunyani West District of Ghana was assessed. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted to assess antenatal accessibility and practices of IPT...
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Social Support, Body Image Perception and Depressive Symptoms, Among University Students in Nigeria, by Gender and Ethnicity
Ezenna Michael Agwu,
Stephen Draper,
Mark De Ste Croix
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, May 2017
Pages:
263-274
Received:
1 October 2016
Accepted:
15 October 2016
Published:
29 April 2017
Abstract: Background: The health determinant model indicates that certain socio-cultural, socio-demographic, environmental, and lifestyle factors influence health status and wellbeing of any population group in any given nation, [1]. Previous studies have suggested the need for regional and interregional comparison of health inequalities due to the interaction of these factors. AIMs: This study investigated social support, body image perception and depressive symptoms by sex and ethnicity among university students in Nigeria. Method: The study was a cross sectional survey. Full time university students were recruited from six universities within the major three ethnic groups in Nigeria.2500 anonymous questionnaire was sent to students during a class lecture, 1549 responses were valid, while 563 responses were rejected for missing data especially sex and ethnicity and 388 students did not return their questionnaire. The variables examined were, demographic, income status, social support, body image perception and depressive symptoms. Descriptive tests, chi-square tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted. Results: The result showed that depression indicated significant differences by gender and ethnicity, with students from the Hausa ethnic group reporting depression more than other ethnic groups, and female students more than males. Body image indicated a sex*ethnicity interaction effect for theideal female body image. Further analysis of the data suggested that Igbo males and Yoruba females’ preferred bigger female body size. Irrespective of ethnicity, the study indicated that more female students preferred bigger female body sizes than males. With regard to social support and monthly income, the result indicated sex*ethnicity interaction effects, where female students from the Hausa ethnic group reported better social support and monthly income. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the mental health of female students in the sample were poorer than those of male students and female students from the Hausa ethnic group demonstrating the worst possible health outcome, despite a morefavorable social support and income status. This study made a major contribution to the understanding that people who live among regions with conflict and violence may report poor psychological health compared to those that live in a conflict free zones.
Abstract: Background: The health determinant model indicates that certain socio-cultural, socio-demographic, environmental, and lifestyle factors influence health status and wellbeing of any population group in any given nation, [1]. Previous studies have suggested the need for regional and interregional comparison of health inequalities due to the interacti...
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