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Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury in Moroccan Medical Intensive Care Patients: A Regional Prospective, Observational Study
Rhita Bennis Nechba,
Moncif El M’barki Kadiri,
Abdelhalim Mesfioui,
Amine Ali Zeggwagh
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2014
Pages:
1-6
Received:
25 September 2013
Published:
30 November 2013
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the incidence, mortality and influencing factors for the development of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) at admission or during Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay. Methods: We conducted a prospective, epidemiological survey, in ICU for two years and the data of 97 patients admitted to ICU for medical illness was analyzed. Patients with AKI were categorized by serum creatinine and urine output into 3 stages. Stage 1 was defined as an absolute increase (within 48 hours) in serum creatinine of more than or equal to 0.3 mg/dl, or oliguria of less than 0.5ml/kg per hour for more than six hours. Stage 2 was defined as doubling of serum creatinine, or a urinary output lower than 0.5ml/kg /h for 12 h. Stage 3 was defined as tripling of serum creatinine or a urinary output lower than 0.3 ml/kg/h for 24 h, or anuria for 12 h. Results: Sixty patients ( 62 %) had AKI. AKI patients tended to be older and usually had antecedent of heart disease, a high Simplified Acute Physiology Score version II at admission, more use of mechanical ventilation and vasopressor treatment, more shock, more severe sepsis, more hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and higher mortality. In multivariate analysis, SAPS II score >30, antecedent of heart disease and shock were independent risk factors for development of AKI at admission or during ICU stay. Conclusion: AKI had a high incidence and a high mortality in medical ICU’s patients. Antecedent of severe underlying diseases, heart disease and hemodynamic failure were independent risk factors of AKI.
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the incidence, mortality and influencing factors for the development of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) at admission or during Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay. Methods: We conducted a prospective, epidemiological survey, in ICU for two years and the data of 97 patients admitted to ICU for medical illness was analyzed. Patients with ...
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Assessing Hand Hygiene Practices in Schools Benefiting from the Ghana School Feeding Programme
Isaac Monney,
Oparebea Sussana Martinson,
Abugbilla Matthew Asampana,
Marfo Albert
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2014
Pages:
7-14
Received:
21 November 2013
Published:
20 December 2013
Abstract: School Feeding Programmes have been shown to impact positively on nutritional status and cognition of school children as well as hunger and poverty alleviation. There is however, dearth of information regarding hand hygiene in schools benefiting from these programmes. This study assesses hand hygiene practices, barriers and compliance to proper hand hygiene in schools benefiting from the Ghana School Feeding Programme (GSFP). Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through the administration of structured questionnaires and extensive field observation respectively. Fifty three (53) GSFP beneficiary schools were selected from four different locations in Ghana; Winneba (6), Mpraeso (10), Mampong-Ashanti (17) and Bolgatanga (20). Findings from the study indicate availability of hand washing facilities (HWFs) in most schools (79%; n = 53); high pupil-to-HWF ratio resulting in poor hand washing practices (Range: 15-372; average: 105); availability of soap for handwashing (83%; n = 42) but extensive use of shared containers (53%; n = 42); delays in acquisition of HWFs, fragmented private sector efforts in hand hygiene promotion and non-compliance with conventional hand washing practices. The study observes that the incorporation of schools into the GSFP without concurrently instituting a comprehensive hand washing programme is rather a retrogressive step considering the possible health repercussions on pupils. To avert this, it is proposed that hand washing with soap should be a mandatory practice in schools benefiting from the GSFP. This requires institution of a sustainable, impact-driven school hand hygiene programme involving both public and private sector agencies to be instituted along with the GSFP.
Abstract: School Feeding Programmes have been shown to impact positively on nutritional status and cognition of school children as well as hunger and poverty alleviation. There is however, dearth of information regarding hand hygiene in schools benefiting from these programmes. This study assesses hand hygiene practices, barriers and compliance to proper han...
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Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of High Risk Populations on Louse- Borne Relapsing Fever in Bahir Dar City, North-West Ethiopia
Mulat Yimer,
Bayeh Abera,
Wondemagegn Mulu,
Belay Bezabih
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2014
Pages:
15-22
Received:
16 October 2013
Published:
20 December 2013
Abstract: Background: Louse- borne relapsing fever (LBRF) is an acute febrile illness caused by Borrelia recurrentis (B. recurrentis). It is transmitted by body lice, Pediculus humanus corporis (P. humanus corporis). LBRF is more prevalent in high risk populations such as prisoners, street children and yekolotemaries (traditional students of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church with low levels of socio economic status and poor personal hygiene). Thus, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) among high risk populations towards LBRF prevention in Bahir Dar city. Methods: A cross- sectional survey was conducted on KAPs of high risk populations regarding LBRF from November to December, 2012. Data was collected using a standardized pre- tested closed ended questionnaire by face to face interviews to address socio demographic characteristics, KAPs and sources of information regarding LBRF prevention. The overall KAPs of the study participants were analyzed using the sum score of each outcome based on Bloom’s cut-off point (60-80%). Having a score above the cut-off point was equated with having high levels of knowledge, positive attitude and good practice. Results: Of the 407 study participants, 383 (94.1%) were males with the mean age of 31 years. Among the study participants, 243 (59.7%) had no formal education. The response rate of the participants was 98.2%. Overall, 222 (54.5%) of the study participants had low knowledge, 247(60.7%) had neutral attitude (30-39 scores out of 50 item- questions on LBRF) and 320 (78.6%) had fair practice (20-25 scores out of 32 item-questions). Prisoners had the highest knowledge, attitude and practices followed by street children and yekolotemaries towards LBRF prevention (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The overall KAPs of the high risk populations towards prevention of LBRF were poor. However, prisoners had highest level followed by street children and yekolotemaries. Moreover, the sources of information on LBRF received by the high risk populations have determined their KAP levels towards LBRF prevention. This showed that information on LBRF using television, radio and through their friends is essential to bring knowledge and attitudinal change towards LBRF prevention.
Abstract: Background: Louse- borne relapsing fever (LBRF) is an acute febrile illness caused by Borrelia recurrentis (B. recurrentis). It is transmitted by body lice, Pediculus humanus corporis (P. humanus corporis). LBRF is more prevalent in high risk populations such as prisoners, street children and yekolotemaries (traditional students of the Ethiopian Or...
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Eating Behaviours of University Students in Southern Nigeria: An Evaluation of Sex Differences
Judith Nmor,
Kehi Harry Nwaka,
Jephtha Christopher Nmor
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2014
Pages:
23-37
Received:
17 November 2013
Published:
20 December 2013
Abstract: University students besides been the future nation builders, also represent the most viable population for education in the field of healthy lifestyles and eating habits. Although, eating habits are major determinate of health status, the eating habits of university students in Southern Nigeria has not been well documented. We aim to investigate their eating habits and sex difference with the view that our findings will be useful in developing adequate nutrition education. The participants, 108 students (48.2% male and 51.9% female), aged 24.1±4.1 filled out a self-reported questionnaire. Height and weight measurement were obtained. Eating habits, frequency of food intake, eating attitudes and fat-related dietary habits were reported. Our data showed that the majority of the students (52.8%) were of normal weight (male 51.9% compared to female 53.6%). The overall prevalence of overweight (obese inclusive) was 40.4% for male and 35.7% for female. In terms of meal consumption frequency, students showed fairly good eating habits. There was no significant sex difference in the frequency of meal intake. Smoking was not common habit among students. Male students had significant lower means scores for modify meat to be low in fat and substitute high fat product with low fat. The correlation analysis of UPI subscale and eating attitude factors revealed some sex variations. For instance, eating attitude factors of F1 and F3 were positively associated with stress and dieting among male students but not for female students while UPI total, depression, anxiety and obsession was significantly related with hours of sleep per night for female but not for male students. Thus, patterns of association suggest a modulating effect of sex on eating behaviors. Efforts aimed at modifying unhealthy eating habits may benefit from a tailored approach, which takes into account individual differences in these factors.
Abstract: University students besides been the future nation builders, also represent the most viable population for education in the field of healthy lifestyles and eating habits. Although, eating habits are major determinate of health status, the eating habits of university students in Southern Nigeria has not been well documented. We aim to investigate th...
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Does Eating Behaviors among University Students in Nigeria Differ Based on Body Mass Index Differences
Judith Nmor,
Kehi Harry Nwaka,
Jephtha Christopher Nmor
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2014
Pages:
38-46
Received:
17 November 2013
Published:
20 December 2013
Abstract: Imbalance diet has health implications, thus understanding the correlates of dietary habits are essential. This study seeks to investigate the eating behaviors of university students in relation to body mass index differences with the view to determine the relationship between these habits and BMI status. Anthropometric measurements, eating behaviors and personality traits were determined in a sample of university students from Southern Nigeria. The participants, 108 students (48.15% male and 51.85% female), aged 24.1±4.1 filled out a self-reported questionnaire. The present study revealed that the mean factor structure scores in the underweight, normal weight and overweight students appear to be similar but no significant difference was found with respect to weight status. In the overweight category, anxiety showed significant positive associated with sleeping hour per night (r = 0.36) and also a negative correlation with sleeping condition (r = - 0.36). Furthermore, emotional eating and personal interest in food was negatively correlated with snacking for all weight categories but the association was strongest for underweight students (r = -0.81), followed by the overweight students (r = -0.35). Another interesting finding was the strong negative relationship between anxiety and eating of breakfast observed only in the underweight students (r = -0.65). The results indicate that the same practices can have different effects depending on the BMI of the subject, suggesting that is important to disentangle the subscales of dietary practices. Personality traits showed no significant relationship with BMI, additional research is needed to clearly understand the modulating factors.
Abstract: Imbalance diet has health implications, thus understanding the correlates of dietary habits are essential. This study seeks to investigate the eating behaviors of university students in relation to body mass index differences with the view to determine the relationship between these habits and BMI status. Anthropometric measurements, eating behavio...
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