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Environmental Factors Associated with Acute Diarrhea among Children Under Five Years of Age in Derashe District, Southern Ethiopia
Wanzahun Godana,
Bezatu Mengiste
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2013
Pages:
119-124
Received:
3 June 2013
Published:
20 June 2013
Abstract: Background: Diarrhea alone kills more children than AIDS, malaria, and measles combined. Knowing the determinants of a disease enables us to design an effective intervention. Objective: To identify the factors associated with acute diarrhea among Children less than five Years of Age in Derashe district, south Ethiopia. Methods: A community based unmatched case-control study was employed in rural kebeles of the district. The collected data were entered in Epi Info version3.5.3. Data analyses were done using SPSS for windows version 16.0. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the data. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to measure the association between the dependent variable and independent variables calculating odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical significance was set at α. ≤ 0.05. Multivariable analyses were applied to identify the relative effect of explanatory variables on the dependent variable. Results: The study revealed that the occurrence of diarrhea was significantly associated with the lack of latrine ownership (AOR: 2.43, CI:1.19-4.87), lack of home based water treatment (AOR: 2.25, CI:1.43-3.56) improper disposal of infant feces [AOR:3.35, 95% CI (1.45-4.13)]and lack of improved water sources (AOR: 1.98, CI:1.16- 2.23).Conclusions and recommendation: The determinants of acute diarrhea in this study were that of high preventive value; latrine ownership, availability of home based water treatment and source of water. The authors of the study recommend health education on different mechanisms in diarrheal disease causation and prevention methods.
Abstract: Background: Diarrhea alone kills more children than AIDS, malaria, and measles combined. Knowing the determinants of a disease enables us to design an effective intervention. Objective: To identify the factors associated with acute diarrhea among Children less than five Years of Age in Derashe district, south Ethiopia. Methods: A community based un...
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Prevalence of HIV/AIDS and its Associated Factors among Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Service Users in Jinka Town Health Institutions, South Omo Zone, South Ethiopia
Wanzahun Godana,
Abraham Atta
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2013
Pages:
125-130
Received:
12 June 2013
Published:
10 July 2013
Abstract: Background: According to the latest figures of the United Nations Agency for International Development/World Health Organizations (UNAIDS/WHO) 2007 AIDS Epidemic Update, an estimated 33.2 million people are living with Human Immune deficiency Virus (HIV). There was only 34% coverage for prevention of mother to child transmission. Of the estimated 2.5 million HIV-infected children under the age of 15, well over 90% are thought to have been infected through mother to child transmission. Objectives: To assess prevalence of HIV and its associated factors among Prevention from Mother To Child Transmission (PMTCT) service users from Jinka Town Health Institutions, South Omo Zone. Materials and Methods: one year secondary data was collected retrospectively from the health facilities that were reported PMTCT in that year and analyzed using SPSS statistical package. Results: of a total of 960 clients received PMTCT service during the one year report. Based on the report 3.4% of the pregnant women were affected or sero-positive for HIV. HIV prevalence among counter male partners was 6.5%. There was also missing some components of PMTCT services. Conclusion and Recommendations: HIV is still a major health problem among women of reproductive age. Preventive strategies should aim at partner tracing and risk reduction along full PMTCT program implementation is recommended.
Abstract: Background: According to the latest figures of the United Nations Agency for International Development/World Health Organizations (UNAIDS/WHO) 2007 AIDS Epidemic Update, an estimated 33.2 million people are living with Human Immune deficiency Virus (HIV). There was only 34% coverage for prevention of mother to child transmission. Of the estimated 2...
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Prevalence of Manifest Hypermetropia in Primary School Children of Gaza City
Abuimara Amer,
Tarshawi Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2013
Pages:
131-134
Received:
16 June 2013
Published:
20 July 2013
Abstract: Research question: what is the prevalence of manifest hypermetropia in primary school children (6 – 11 years ) of Gaza city? Objective: to study the prevalence of manifest hypermetropia in primary school children of Gaza city . Study design: cross sectional. Setting: schools of Gaza city –Palestine Participants: school children aged 6 – 11 years studying in 1st to 6th class. Study period: March 2013 to June 2013. Sample size: 1063 school children which included 478 females and 585 males. Study variables: manifest hypermetropic refractive error by age, sex and class, uncorrected, best corrected visual acuity and scientific achievement in school. Statistical analysis: Chi square test, proportions. Results: manifest hypermetropia is the most prevalent refractive error in primary school children in Gaza city irrespective of age or gender or eye . The prevalence of manifest hypermetropia is 45.3% for right eye and 46.7% for left eye. No statistically significant difference in scientific achievement in Arabic language or mathematics between children with various types of refractive errors. Conclusions: These data support the assumption that vision screening of school children in developing countries could be useful in detecting correctable causes of decreased vision especially refractive errors and in minimizing long term visual disability.
Abstract: Research question: what is the prevalence of manifest hypermetropia in primary school children (6 – 11 years ) of Gaza city? Objective: to study the prevalence of manifest hypermetropia in primary school children of Gaza city . Study design: cross sectional. Setting: schools of Gaza city –Palestine Participants: school children aged 6 – 11 years s...
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The Occurrence of Childhood Diarhea and Its Home Management among Mothers of Under-Five Years Children in Arba Minch Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
Shikur Mohammed,
Dessalegn Tamiru
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2013
Pages:
135-140
Received:
30 June 2013
Published:
20 July 2013
Abstract: Introduction: In Ethiopia the prevalence of diarrhea morbidity is more common in rural than in urban areas. To address this problem, interventions have been going on based on the guidelines. There is no study that assessed whether the management of childhood diarrhea is according to the guideline or not. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of childhood diarrhea and its home management among mother of under-five year children in Arba Minch Zuria. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2012. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 590 households that had at least one under-five child. Data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire by trained data collectors. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS (SPSS Inc. version 16.0, Chicago, Illinois). Descriptive statistics (frequencies, proportion and chi- square test) were used to describe the study population in relation to relevant variables. Results: In this study prevalence of diarrhea was found 30.5%. which was significantly associated with mother education level (X2 = 6.0397,df =1, p-value =0.0139), knowledge about diarrhea (X2 = 5.0234,df =1, p-value =0.0250), floor types of the house (X2 = 5.1428,df=1, p-value =0.0233). number of rooms (X2 = 30.46,df=2, p-value <0.00001), latrine type ((X2 = 25.5929,df=1, p-value <0.00001), type of water transportation container(X2 = 47.878,df=1, p-value = 0.00001 ), and mother hand washing practice (X2 = 15.4182,df=1, p-value = 0.0001). The study also showed 31% of mothers didn’t give anything to control or manage the diarrhea. Conclusion: The finding showed that the occurrence of diarrhea is high in the study area. As significant number of the mothers do not have adequate knowledge on the occurrence and management of diarrhea. Counseling mothers on the three rules of home treatment; give extra fluid, continue feeding and advise the mother when to return health facility is very crucial for the control and the prevention of the disease. Reducing diarrhea morbidity also involves providing better sanitation for the entire population and hygiene of the person caring of the child.
Abstract: Introduction: In Ethiopia the prevalence of diarrhea morbidity is more common in rural than in urban areas. To address this problem, interventions have been going on based on the guidelines. There is no study that assessed whether the management of childhood diarrhea is according to the guideline or not. Therefore, the aim of this study was to asse...
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Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases among Geriatric Nigerians in a Rural Hospital in Resource-Constrained Setting of Eastern Nigeria
Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh,
Agwu Nkwa Amadi,
Abali Chuku
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2013
Pages:
141-146
Received:
25 May 2013
Published:
30 July 2013
Abstract: Background: Globally, there is an emerging increase in the population of elder citizens. Despite the process of natural aging, elderly population in addition suffers acute and chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which are often neglected. Aim: This study was aimed at describing the burden (prevalence and pattern) of non-communicable diseases among geriatric Nigerians in a rural hospital in resource-constrained setting of Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive hospital-based study of 286 geriatric patients with NCDs out of a total of 872 geriatric patients’ population in a rural Hospital in Imo state, South-Eastern Nigeria. The data collected included age, sex and diagnoses. Diagnoses of NCDs were based on clinical method of subjective complaints, objective findings and appropriate laboratory and radio-diagnostic confirmations. Results: Eight hundred and seventy two patients out of a total patients population of 9885 were 65 years and above. The geriatric population constituted 8.8% of total patients’ population. Five hundred and thirty (60.8%) of geriatric health problems were due to communicable diseases; two hundred and eighty-six (32.8%) were due to NCDs and fifty-six (6.4%) resulted from accidents, trauma and injuries. Of the 286 who had non-communicable diseases 176 (61.5%) were males while 110(38.5%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1.6: 1. The top five non-communicable diseases were hypertension 192 (67.1%), musculoskeletal disorders 126 (44.1%), dyspepsia 99 (34.6%), non-communicable visual impairment 96 (33.6%), and diabetes mellitus 25(8.7%) Conclusion: This study has shown that geriatric patients in the study area suffer NCDs with three most common being hypertension, musculoskeletal disorders and dyspepsia. There is therefore the need for preventive action against the scourge of geriatric non-communicable diseases.
Abstract: Background: Globally, there is an emerging increase in the population of elder citizens. Despite the process of natural aging, elderly population in addition suffers acute and chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which are often neglected. Aim: This study was aimed at describing the burden (prevalence and pattern) of non-communicable diseases a...
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Bioethics Applied Health: Internationalist Perspective
Maria Lucia de Moura Costa
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2013
Pages:
147-155
Received:
1 June 2013
Published:
30 July 2013
Abstract: This study was based on a discussion about the ethics and bioethics in Brazil and othercountries, where we chose a bibliography of the publications from national and international, publications.
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Determinants of Perceived Health Care Provider Empathy at Public and Private Hospitals in Central Ethiopia
Tayue Tateke,
Mirkuzie Woldie,
Shimeles Ololo
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2013
Pages:
156-164
Received:
5 July 2013
Published:
10 August 2013
Abstract: Introduction:Though being truly empathic with the patient in health service provision is challenging, it is a powerful and efficient communication tool when used appropriately. It is valuable for healthcare providers and receivers if patients perceived the healthcare providers understand the values, ideas and feelings of their patients. Therefore, this study was carried out to measure the level of perceived healthcare provider empathy and its’ determinants among outpatients of public and private hospitals in Addis Ababa, central Ethiopia.Material and Methods: Data were collected as part of a comparative cross sectional study conducted during March 27 to April 30/2010 in Addis Ababa. The size of the sample was determined using double population proportion formula. The study participants wereoutpatients who were identified using systematic sampling technique at randomly selected private and public hospitals. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire with Likert scales to measure perception of patients. Data were entered into computer software (SPSS version 16.0) to generate descriptive statistics and factor scores. ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted.Result: The respondents of the study were 626 (313 for each group of the hospitals) with response rate of 93.71%.The mean (± S.D) levels of perceived empathy at public and private hospitals were 33.47 (± 11.654) and 38.16 (± 10.161), respectively with possible value range of 10 to 50. At public hospitals, Welcoming approach, body signaling, consultation duration, perceived providers’ technical competency, perceived providers lack of experience and ability and expectation about the hospital services were appeared significant determinants of perceived empathy level. Likewise, perceived welcoming approach, body signaling, perceived providers technical competency, perceived providers lack of experience and ability, waiting time, perceived accessibility, expectation about hospital services and perceived cleanliness predicted perceived empathy at private hospitals.Conclusion: Despite significant difference in the level of perceived empathy at public and private hospitals, four of the identified determinants were common.The predictors of perceived provider empathy in this study were related to characteristics of patients, health care providers and the health system. Therefore, health service managers and health care providers should work on improving the communication skills of health professionals which could significantly alter the perception of the patient to services s/he receives at the outpatient department.
Abstract: Introduction:Though being truly empathic with the patient in health service provision is challenging, it is a powerful and efficient communication tool when used appropriately. It is valuable for healthcare providers and receivers if patients perceived the healthcare providers understand the values, ideas and feelings of their patients. Therefore, ...
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