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Research on the Role of Th17Treg Cells and Their Factors in Graves' Disease with Different Iodine Nutritional Status
Jing Feng,
Cuicui Wang,
Zhaoxin Mu,
Xinsheng Li,
Zhenjiang Hou
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
1-11
Received:
18 December 2020
Published:
18 January 2021
Abstract: Introduction: At present, studies on the role of iodine nutrition in thyroid function stratification, antibody titer, Th17/Treg cells and related factors in the pathogenesis of GD have not been carried out. Objective: The acritical aims to investigate the correlation between thyroid function and autoantibody titers of Graves' disease (GD) patients with different iodine nutritional status with Th17/Treg cells, their cytokines and transcription factors, and the role of related factors in the pathogenesis of GD. Method: The levels of serum thyroid hormone, autoantibodies and urine iodine in 100 GD patients and 60 healthy subjects are detected by electrochemiluminescence instrument and iodine-catalyzed arsenic-cerium method, respectively. The ratio of Th17 cells to Treg cells and Th17/Treg ratio in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are detected by immunofluorescence-labeled monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR is used to detect the expression levels of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR-γt) and fork head/wing-shaped spiral transcription factor 3 (Foxp3) mRNA, and the serum IL-17 and TGF-β levels are detected by ELISA. Result: As a result, the proportion of Th17 cells, serum IL-17 and ROR-γt in PBMC of GD patients with different iodine nutritional status significantly increase, while the proportion of Treg cells, the expression of Foxp3mRNA and serum TGF-β significantly decrease. The ratio of Th17/Treg cells in GD patients is significantly positively correlated with the titers of TPOAb and TgAb, and the titers of TPOAb and TgAb antibodies are significantly correlated with Th17/Treg, IL-17 and ROR-γt. Conclusion: In conclusion, thyroid hormones, autoantibodies, Th17, Treg cell ratios and dysfunctions as well as corresponding cytokines and transcription factors in GD patients with different iodine nutritional status participate in the development of GD.
Abstract: Introduction: At present, studies on the role of iodine nutrition in thyroid function stratification, antibody titer, Th17/Treg cells and related factors in the pathogenesis of GD have not been carried out. Objective: The acritical aims to investigate the correlation between thyroid function and autoantibody titers of Graves' disease (GD) patients ...
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Study on Th17/Treg Cells and Cytokines in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis with Different Iodine Nutrition Status
Cuicui Wang,
Zhaoxin Mu,
Yunxia Chen,
Jianfeng Liu,
Jinqun Ma,
Chunyan Liu,
Zhenjiang Hou
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
12-22
Received:
16 December 2020
Published:
18 January 2021
Abstract: Background: The incidence of AITDs increased with the increase of iodine nutrient levels in the population. HT is one of the most common AITDs. The role of thyroid function stratification, antibody titer, Th17/Treg cells and related factors in the pathogenesis of HT under different iodine nutritional conditions is still unclear. Objective: To investigate the correlation between the thyroid function stratification, autoantibody titer and Th17 cells, Treg cells, cytokines and transcription factors in hashimoto thyroiditis patients with different iodine nutritional status. Methods: Thyroid hormone, autoantibody and urinary iodine levels were measured in 100 hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients and 60 healthy subjects by electrochemical immunoluminescence and iodine-catalyzed arseniummethod. Meanwhile, the proportion and ratio of Th17 cells and Tregs cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determined by immunofluorescence labeling and flow cytometry. The qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of ROR-γt mRNA and Foxp3 mRNA. Serum IL-17 and TGF-β levels were detected by ELISA. Results: Th17 cell proportion, serum IL-17 and ROR-γt mRNA expression levels in PBMC of HT patients with different iodine nutritional status were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), while Tregs cell proportion, serum TGF-β and Foxp3 mRNA level were all lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The thyroid function, autoantibodies, Th17/Tregs cell proportion, cytokines and transcription factors of HT patients with different iodine nutrition status were changed, hich were involved in the development and progression of HT.
Abstract: Background: The incidence of AITDs increased with the increase of iodine nutrient levels in the population. HT is one of the most common AITDs. The role of thyroid function stratification, antibody titer, Th17/Treg cells and related factors in the pathogenesis of HT under different iodine nutritional conditions is still unclear. Objective: To inves...
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Prehospital Care and 24-hour Crash Injury Mortality Among Road Traffic Crash Victims in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Zuriyash Mengistu,
Ahmed Ali,
Teferi Abegaz
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
23-29
Received:
1 December 2020
Accepted:
17 December 2020
Published:
2 February 2021
Abstract: Road traffic crash injuries are critical public health problems that demand on time post crash response to deliver pre-hospital care. Ethiopia is one of the African countries with the worst pre-hospital care delivery platform. This study describes the current practice of pre-hospital service provided for crash injured individuals. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 430 crash victims attending public hospitals in Addis Ababa. Participants were selected by random sampling upon their arrival to the selected hospitals from January 2019 to August 2020. The study described the data using the percentage, median, and interquartile range. The study used binary logistic regression to assess the relationship between pre-hospital care provided and 24-hour crash victim mortality. The median scene time was 20 minutes. More than half of respondents transported to hospital greater than 60 minutes. Among the 430 injured individuals, the fatal crash occurred on 21 (4.9%) individuals. The crash injured individuals received pre-hospital care involving wound care, resuscitations with IV (Intravenous) fluid, and immobilization. Using the binary logistic regression model crash injured patients who did not receive ambulance service were three times more chance of mortality during a 24-hour crash event ((P-value=0.002, AOR=3.1 (95%CI 1.5– 6.4). This study showed that 33.3% of crash-injured individuals received pre-hospital care. The majority of participants arrived at tertiary level trauma hospital with time greater than platinium 10 minutes scene time and golden an hour transport time. Being male, young, and not receiving pre-hospital care were significantly related to early crash injury mortality. A suitable basic and advanced life support strategy should be designed and implemented to enhance timely crash injury care.
Abstract: Road traffic crash injuries are critical public health problems that demand on time post crash response to deliver pre-hospital care. Ethiopia is one of the African countries with the worst pre-hospital care delivery platform. This study describes the current practice of pre-hospital service provided for crash injured individuals. A cross-sectional...
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The Relationship Between Breastfeeding Practices and Indirect Costs of Health Care: A Case Study of Nurses at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya
Oyato Queenter,
Atieno Ann Ndede-Amadi,
Samuel Boaz Otieno
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
30-35
Received:
14 January 2021
Accepted:
31 January 2021
Published:
9 February 2021
Abstract: Nurses, the primary promoters of Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) to mothers, find it challenging to practice it themselves because of their work situations and environments. They care for patients with infections and work in infectious environments. They don’t wish to expose their babies to these environments because the babies' immunities are still very low, making them prone to acquiring nosocomial infections, which are costly to treat. Besides, all children, including those of nurses, are prohibited by law from visiting their sick relatives in hospital wards, a factor that preludes the presence of all children from the hospital environment, including those of nurses. The relatively low EBF practice among nurses can be attributed to this fact. Some studies have confirmed that the practice of EBF is low among nurses (e.g. 35.9% in Ethiopia; 11.1% in Nigeria; and 21.3% in Kenya [at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH)]). The objective of this study was to demonstrate that indirect costs to employers are higher for NON-EBF than for EBF female, lactating, nurses. It has succeeded in demonstrating that lactating nurses who practice EBF during the first six months of their baby’s life, take less time off work due to illness of the baby upon returning back to work after maternity leave. There verse is also true in that lactating nurses who practice NON-EBF were found to take more time off to care for their sick babies after they return to work from maternity leave. The focus of the study was to show that overall healthcare costs are lower for all stakeholders under EBF than otherwise. The study used prospective cohort design, mixed methods and purposive sampling technique. The study population was female nurses of reproductive age. Using the employer as the primary beneficiary of a non-absentee workforce, the study was able to demonstrate that employers incur less indirect costs on the section of this cadre of staff that practices EBF than otherwise, (t=0.71132, df=4, p-value=0.0162) and (r=0.3350988, p<0.05). The study was also able to demonstrate further that longer maternity leaves for this cadre of staff may be more beneficial to all stakeholders than otherwise. On these bases, the study was able to suggest change in the Kenyan government maternity leave policy from the current three months to the six months recommended by some sector players like the World Health Organization (WHO) and others, and as supported by other studies in the subject matter.
Abstract: Nurses, the primary promoters of Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) to mothers, find it challenging to practice it themselves because of their work situations and environments. They care for patients with infections and work in infectious environments. They don’t wish to expose their babies to these environments because the babies' immunities are still...
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